Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are bacterial infections affecting the urinary system, which includes the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra. These infections most commonly involve the bladder and urethra, causing inflammation and discomfort. UTIs are the second most common type of infection in the body.
UTIs are generally caused by bacteria, with Escherichia coli (E. coli) being the most common cause. Risk factors like diabetes, bladder catheterization, or spinal cord injuries may increase susceptibility.
UTIs can occur in anyone but are notably more common in women, who are four times more likely to experience them than men. Risk is higher in individuals with conditions such as diabetes, those using catheters, or those with spinal cord injuries.
Symptoms of a UTI include pain or burning during urination, frequent and urgent need to urinate, pressure in the lower abdomen, cloudy or reddish urine, and bad-smelling urine. Less common symptoms may include fever, tiredness, shakiness, back pain, or nausea.
